Ergonomics aspects and workload on the operators in the electric power control and operation centers: multi-case studies in Portugal and Brazil
Palavras-chave:
Ergonomics in Electric Power Control Centers, Workload, Human FactorsResumo
With technological advancement, tasks performed by humans are more complex, and work environments become increasingly automated. Similar to the systems developed for other industrial sectors, the automation of the electricity sector has resulted in more sophisticated equipment and requires more attention from operators, bringing the monitor and operates a growing set of equipment. This results in increased cognitive load and environments more conducive to error, which can cause failures that result in significant economic losses, physical damage, or threats to human life. This research aims to evaluate the workload of the operators in two Electric Power Control and Operation Centers, using the NASA-TLX in a multicase studies in Portugal and in the Northeast Brazil. There will be benefits to the electricity sector with new information on those activities contributing to a reduction of human error operation and better system quality
Referências
Antoli, A.; Cañas, J.J.; Barquier, P.; A. Castillo; Fajardo, I.;Gámez, P.; Salmerón, L. Representación mental de los conceptos, objetos y personas implicados en una tarefa realizada en una interfaz. Inteligencia Artificial, pp. 107-115, 2002.
Baulk, S.D.; Fletcher, A.; Kandelaars, K.J.; Dawson, D.; Roach, G.D. A field study of sleep and fatigue in a regular rotating 12-h shift system, Applied Ergonomics, vol. 40, pp. 694-698, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.06.003
Cain, Brad. A Review of the Mental Workload Literature, Defence Research and Development Canada Toronto, NATO, 2004.
Cañas, J.J. et al. Saccadic peak velocity is sensitive to variations in mental workload in complex environments, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. pp. 413-417, 2010.
Cañas, J.J.; Madrid, I.R. The Effect of Reading Strategies and Prior Knowledge on Cognitive Load and Learning with Hypertext, The Ergonomics Open Journal, pp. 124-132, 2009.
Cañas, J.J. Cognitive ergonomics in interface development evaluation, Journal of Universal Computing Science, vol. 14, n. 16, pp. 2630-2649, 2008.
Cañas J.J. et al. Towards the analysis of the interaction in the joint cognitive system. In A. Pirhonen, H. Isomäki, C. Roast, and P. Saariluoma. Future interaction design. London: Springer-Verglag, 2004.
Casner, Stephen M. Perceived vs. measured effects of advanced cockpit systems on pilot workload and error: Are pilots' beliefs misaligned with reality? Applied Ergonomics, vol. 40, 2009, pp. 448-456, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.10.002
Dadashi, N; Stedmon, A.W.; Pridmore, T.P.Semi-automated CCTV surveillance: The effects of system confidence, system accuracy and task complexity on operator vigilance, reliance and workload. Applied Ergonomics, vol. 44, pp. 730-738, 2013.
doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.04.012
Darby, T. Farrington, Wilson, John R.; Norris, B. J.; Clarke, Theresa. A naturalistic study of railway controllers. Ergonomics. vol. 49, pp. 1370-1394, 2006.
Diniz, R. Evaluation of physical and mental demands on the surgeon's work in elective procedures. Doctor Thesis in Production Engineering, (in portuguese), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 2003.
Di Stasi, L.L.; Cañas, J.J.; Antoli, A. Main Sequence: An index for detecting mental workload variation in complex tasks, Applied Ergonomics, vol. 42, pp. 807-813, 2011.
doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2011.01.003.
Di Stasi, L.L.; Cañas, J.J.; Marchitto, M.; Antoli, A., Baccino, T. Approximation of on-line mental workload index in ATC simulated multitasks, Journal of Air Transport Management, pp. 330-333, 2010.
Dorrian, Jillian; Baulk, Stuart; Dawson, Drew. Work hours, workload, sleep and fatigue in Australian Rail Industry employees Applied Ergonomics, vol. 42, pp.202-209, 2011.
doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2010.06.009
Duarte, EmÃlia; Rebelo, Francisco; Wogalter, M. S. Virtual Reality and its potential for evaluating warning compliance. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 20(6), pp. 526-537. 2010. doi: 10.1002/hfm.20242.
Fajardo, I.; Salmerón, L.; Cañas, J.J. Ergonomia y psicologia cognitivas, Anuario de PsicologÃa, pp. 507-519, 2004.
Grootjen, M. A.; Neerincx, M. A.; Veltman, J. A. Cognitive task load in a naval ship control centre: from identification to prediction. Ergonomics, vol. 49, pp. 1238-1264, 2006.
Gould, Kristian S.; Roed, Bjarte K.; Saus, Evelyn-Rose; Koefoed, Vilhelm F.; Bridger, Robert S. ; Moen, Bente E. Effects of navigation method on workload and performance in simulated high-speed ship navigation. Applied Ergonomics, vol. 40, pp. 103-114, 2009.
doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.01.001
Ku, Chia-Hua; Smith, Michael J. Organisational Factors and Scheduling in Locomotive Engineers and Conductors: Effects on fatigue, health and social well-being, Applied Ergonomics, vol. 41, 2010, pp. 62-71, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.04.006
Lan, Li; Zhiwei, Lian; Pan, Li. The effects of air temperature on office workers’ well-being, workload and productivity-evaluated with subjective ratings. Applied Ergonomics, vol. 42, pp. 29-36, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2010.04.003
Lima, A.; Vieira, M. O Contexto de trabalho, as IHMs e o erro humano na operação de sistemas elétricos. In: Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos, C.Grande-PB, Brazil, 2006.
May, M. Human Supervisory Control of Electric Power Transmission. Learning Lab DTU, Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelundsvej 1, DK-2800, Denmark. EAM-08. European Annual Conference on Human Decision-Making and Manual Control, 11-13 June, Delft University of Technology. 2008.
Murata, Atsuo; Uetake, Atsushi; Takasawa, Yosuke. Evaluation of Mental Fatigue using Feature Parameter Extracted from Event-related Potential, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 35, pp. 761-770, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2004.12.003
Miyake, Shinji; Yamada, Shimpei; Takuro Shoji, Yasuhiko Takae, Nobuyuki Kuge, Tomohiro Yamamura. Physiological responses to workload change. A test/retest examination. Applied Ergonomics, vol. 40, pp. 987-996, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.02.005
NASA, TLX Disponivel em: http://humansystems.arc.nasa.gov/groups/TLX/computer.php, 2008.
Oliveira, A M. Fatigue Avaliation in Operators of Electric Power Control Centers, (in Portuguese), MSc Dissertation in production Engineering, Federal University of Paraiba, 2009.
Persson, Anders; Wanek, Birgitta; Johansson, Anja. Passive versus active operator work in automated process control—a job design case study in a control centre. Applied Ergonomics, vol. 32, pp. 441-45, 2001.
doi: 10.1016/S0003-6870(01)00022-9
Petersen, J. Model-Based Integration and Interpretation of Data, In: Thissen, W., Wieringa, P., Pantic, M. and Ludema, M. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man & Cybernetics. pp. 815-820, 2004.
Pickup, Laura; Wilson, John R.; Norris, Beverley J.; Mitchell, Lucy; Morrisroe, Ged. The Integrated Workload Scale (IWS): A new self-report tool to assess railway signaller workload Applied Ergonomics, vol. 36, pp. 681-693, 2005.
doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2005.05.004
Pickup, Laura; Wilson, John R.; Lowe, Emma. The Operational Demand Evaluation Checklist (ODEC) of workload for railway signalling. Applied Ergonomics, vol. 41, pp. 393-402, 2010.
doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.09.003
Quesada, J.; Cañas, J.J.; Quesada, J.F.; Antoli, A. Fajardo, I. Cognitive flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes in dynamic complex problem solving tasks, Ergonomics, pp. 482-501, 2003. doi: 10.1080/0014013031000061640
Quesada, J.F.; Antoli, A.; Cañas, J.J., Antoli, A. The role of working memory on measuring mental models of physical systems, Psicologica, pp. 25-42, 2001.
Quesada, J.F.; Antoli, A.; Cañas, J.J. Memoria y Modelos Mentales. Anthropos, pp. 143-149, España, 2000.
Rebelo, F.; Duarte, E.; Noriega, P.; Soares, M. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Consumer Product Design: Methods and Techniques, In: Virtual Reality in Consumer Product Design: Methods and Applications, Chapter 24, pp. 381-402, 2010.
Rebelo, F.; Noriega, P.; Duarte, E.; Soares, M. Using Virtual Reality to Assess User Experience, Human Factors, v. 54, pp. 964-982, 2012.
Richard, J. F. Les Activités Mentales. Paris: Armand Polin, 1990.
Robert, J.M.; Bernatchez, M. Impact of Spatial Reference Frames on Human Performance in Virtual Reality User Interfaces. Journal of MultiMedia, vol. 3, no 5, pp.19-32. 2008.
Robert, J.M.; Lapointe, J.F. Using VR for Efficient Training of Forestry Machine Operators. IFIP Journal of Education and Information Technologies, vol. 5, no 4, pp.237-250. 2000. doi: 10.1023/A:1012045305968
Salles, P.F. The contribution of the Cognitive Ergonomics in the Task Analysis of Control Room Operators. Florianópolis, Disponible in:www.deps.ufsc.br, Acess in: 2008
Salmerón, L.; Cañas, J.J.; Fajardo, I. Cognitive Flexibility. Internacional Enciclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2nd Edition 2007.
Vidal, M. C.; Carvalho, P.V. Ergonomia Cognitiva: RaciocÃnio e Decisão no Trabalho. Rio de Janeiro: Virtual CientÃfica, 2008.
Vieira, M. F. Q.; Nascimento Neto, José A.; Scaico, A.; Santoni, Charles; Mercantini, Jean Marc. A Model Based Operator Training Simulator to support Human Behavior Studies. Transactions of the Society for Computer Simulation, vol. 86, pp. 41-51, 2010.
Vilar, E.; Rebelo, F.; Noriega, P.; Teles, J.; Mayhorn, C. The Influence of Environmental Features on Route Selection An Emergency Situation. Applied Ergonomics, vol 44, pp. 618–627, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.12.002
Vitório, D. M. Avaliação da Carga Mental de Trabalho dos Operadores dos Centros de Operação e Controle de Energia Elétrica, Master Dissertation, Production Engineering, Federal University of Paraiba, 2011.
Walker, Guy H.; Stanton, Neville A.; Baber, Chris; Wells, Linda; Gibson, Huw; Salmon, Paul; Jenkins, Daniel. From ethnography to the EAST method: A tractable approach for representing distributed cognition in Air Traffic Control. Ergonomics. vol.53, pp. 184-197, 2010. doi: 10.1080/00140130903171672
Wiegmann, D.A; Overbye, Tj; Hoppe, S.M., Essenberg, G.R.; Sun, Y. Human factors aspects of three-dimensional visualization of power system information. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. doi: 10.1109/PES.2006.1709137
Wiegmann, D.A.; Essenberg, G.R.; Overbye, T.J.; Sun, Y. Human factor aspects of power system flow animation, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, pp. 1233-1240, 2005.
doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.851967
Wu, F. F.; Moslehi, K,; Bose, A. Power System Control Centers: Past, Present, and Future. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 93, n. 11, 2005. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2005.857499
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os artigos publicados são de propriedade do IJIE – Iberoamerican Journal of Industrial Engineering, Revista Iberoamericana de Engenharia Industrial, Revista Iberoamericana de Ingeniería Industrial. Os autores são os responsáveis pelos conteúdos dos artigos. O IJIE não se responsabiliza ou endossa as opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos textos publicados, salientando que as opiniões são de exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores.
O periódico se reserva o direito de introduzir alterações no original, visando a manter a homogeneidade e a qualidade da publicação, respeitando, no entanto, o estilo e as opiniões dos autores. Essas alterações serão editoriais (correções gramaticais e adequações estilísticas) e não substanciais, de forma que não modifiquem o sentido do texto. As provas finais não serão enviadas aos autores, sendo o artigo publicado com os ajustes necessários.
Conforme citado neste site, no item “Caráter do IJIE”, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias em aplicações educacionais e não-comerciais. Uma nova publicação do mesmo texto, de iniciativa de seu autor ou de terceiros, fica sujeita à expressa menção da precedência de sua publicação neste periódico, citando-se a edição e a data dessa publicação.